Etnik boleh didefinisikan sebagai sekelompok manusia yang mengamalkan budaya yang hampir seragam, termasuk adat resam, pakaian, bahasa dan kegiatan ekonomi. Konsep etnik mempunyai erti yang berkaitan rapat dengan konsep-konsep ras dan bangsa. Ras dan bangsa memberikan penekanan pada perbezaan fizikal atau sifat-sifat biologi (keturunan dan pertalian darah yang sama) antara sesama manusia. Dalam konteks masyarakat majmuk Malaysia, terdapt pelbagai kelompok etnik yang hidup berlainan, tetapi dibawah sistem politik yang sama.
Etnik dapat dikelaskan melalui perbezaan budaya. Etnik sering berbeza berdasarkan ciri budaya seperti adat resam, pola keluarga, pakaian, pandanganmengenai kecantikan, orientasi politik, kegiatan ekonomi dan hiburan. Di Malaysia, orang melayu, india, cina, kadazan dusun, melanau dan pelbagai lagi dianggap sebagai etnik. Etnik pada dasarnya bersifat etnosentrik, iaitu mengangap ciri-ciri budayanya sebagai wajar, betul dan lebih utama daripada budaya etnik lain yang dipandang rendah serta dianggap ganjil ataupun berada pada tahap rendah atau tidak bermoral.
Konsep etnik membentuk konsep etnisiti dan etnosentrisme. Etnisiti merujuk kepada rasa kekitaan sesuatu kumpulan etnik tertentu. Hal ini bererti wujudnya satu kebudayaan atau sub budaya yang jelas yang menyatukan anggotanya dengan satu sejarah, nilai, sikap dan tingkah laku yang sama. Etnosentrisme pula merujuk kepada kepercayaan atau rasa bangga yang wujud dalam kalangan anggota sesebuah kelompok etnik bahawa budaya dan etnisiti mereka adalah jauh lebih baik dan hebat daripada kelompok lain. Etnosentrisme juga membawa makna suatu perspektif yang melihat kelompok etnik lain menerusi lensa dan kaca mata etnik sendiri.
Sunday, 7 October 2012
Thursday, 4 October 2012
13 tips on how to become a good muslim girl
1.Understand that all shall be well with Allah's will. Allah forgives minor sins for He is All-Understanding and All-Forgiving. Even if you feel that you are already too deep to become the good Muslim that you truly can be.
2.Discover where the influences causing you to turn your back on your religion come from. Maybe you can trace back the cause to either family situations or friends that are leading you on the wrong path. Leave the friends. They will not be there on the Day of Judgement when you have to face Allah on your own. If it is because of family, it is a little more difficult. This is where the next steps will come in handy.
3.If you are truly devoted to turning over a new leaf and becoming the best Muslim girl that you can be, you must wear the hijab. The hijab is not just a piece of cloth that covers hair, it changes you mentally and spiritually. Think of it as a way for Allah to protect the women. As soon as you wear the hijab, hopefully, your whole perspective on self-respect and values will automatically change. Non-hijabis are defying Allah's laws and risking His punishment, so you have a better chance of achieving this feeling by wearing the hijab. Consider the additional benefits of the face veil (niqaab).
4.Pray five times a day. Before you get on the prayer rug, learn what the prayer words mean to enhance your contemplation within prayer. If you do not speak Arabic, try to find some translated versions of the prayer words and take some time to read and understand what the words mean. Start making prayer a normal part of your day, the way eating is a need of ours, our spiritual food is prayers.
5.Read the Quran. Read the Quran and also try to read the translation of the Quran and truly try to understand its meaning. You can read the translation in English as well. Reading the Quran will help establish a useful relationship with Allah and will also allow you to understand how beautiful the religion is. Listening to it (you can find videos online) also makes you feel closer to Allah.
6.Learn more about Islam. Know what you have to do (which is called 'wajib' things) and what you can't do (haram things). The Internet is a valuable source to search for Islamic rules and regulations and the punishments that apply if they are broken. Make sure to go on correct websites for the correct source of Islamic information. The punishments may sometimes seem severe, but they are there to protect society and guide the believers to follow the way of Allah (swt).
7.Try to allocate a minimum amount of time each day to Islamic activities - for example, four hours for salah, Quran and Islamic studies will enable you to build up your relationship with Allah (swt) and make good progress towards acquiring knowledge. Remember that the five daily fard salah are your top priority and you should form the framework of your daily routine around these.
8.Dress modestly. This does not mean that you have to look ugly or not stylish. Just be modest. Wear longer shirts and do not wear clothes such as tank tops and shorts. Stay away from clothes that are too tight. Remember that it is obligatory to cover the whole body except the face and hands, which are recommended but not obligatory. This also helps you to change your whole outlook on what is acceptable and what is not.
9.Hang out with good friends; going with the theme you may want to make friends who share your mission of being a good Muslim. If you are lucky enough, you might spot a Muslim girl your age. Be sure to make friends with a Muslim girl if you find one. You can tell her how you are trying to be a better Muslim, and she might be able to help!
10.Avoid negative influences, including old friends (as hard as it may be, the reward is well worth it) who may have had a bad influence or who bring out the negative characteristics in you. Even though the Shaitan (the devil) can tempt us, it is our responsibility as Muslims to fight these temptations and urges by increasing our faith and spirituality.
11.Forgive yourself and ask Allah (swt) for forgiveness for any sins you may have committed. You need to let go of past mistakes and work on improving the future. Whatever has happened is done. It is in the past and there is nothing you can do to change it or better it. The only thing you can do is forgive yourself and sincerely repent to Allah (swt) and sincerely ask Him for forgiveness. Use those negative experiences as motivation to get better and do good.
12.Notice where your weaknesses are and avoid them. This is not to say that you should run every time a guy comes near, but learn to lower the gaze and remember that Allah (swt) is severe in punishment. They are not people that you need in your life anyway.
13.Take it day by day. If you make it a priority in your mind that you want to strive to be the best Muslim girl possible, you will achieve this goal without even realizing it! Every time you are about to do something, think: "Is this something good or religious?" If it isn't, don't do it! Simply remind yourself and be ready to stop yourself, just in case. Every single moment of every day must be devoted to pleasing Allah (swt).
2.Discover where the influences causing you to turn your back on your religion come from. Maybe you can trace back the cause to either family situations or friends that are leading you on the wrong path. Leave the friends. They will not be there on the Day of Judgement when you have to face Allah on your own. If it is because of family, it is a little more difficult. This is where the next steps will come in handy.
3.If you are truly devoted to turning over a new leaf and becoming the best Muslim girl that you can be, you must wear the hijab. The hijab is not just a piece of cloth that covers hair, it changes you mentally and spiritually. Think of it as a way for Allah to protect the women. As soon as you wear the hijab, hopefully, your whole perspective on self-respect and values will automatically change. Non-hijabis are defying Allah's laws and risking His punishment, so you have a better chance of achieving this feeling by wearing the hijab. Consider the additional benefits of the face veil (niqaab).
4.Pray five times a day. Before you get on the prayer rug, learn what the prayer words mean to enhance your contemplation within prayer. If you do not speak Arabic, try to find some translated versions of the prayer words and take some time to read and understand what the words mean. Start making prayer a normal part of your day, the way eating is a need of ours, our spiritual food is prayers.
5.Read the Quran. Read the Quran and also try to read the translation of the Quran and truly try to understand its meaning. You can read the translation in English as well. Reading the Quran will help establish a useful relationship with Allah and will also allow you to understand how beautiful the religion is. Listening to it (you can find videos online) also makes you feel closer to Allah.
6.Learn more about Islam. Know what you have to do (which is called 'wajib' things) and what you can't do (haram things). The Internet is a valuable source to search for Islamic rules and regulations and the punishments that apply if they are broken. Make sure to go on correct websites for the correct source of Islamic information. The punishments may sometimes seem severe, but they are there to protect society and guide the believers to follow the way of Allah (swt).
7.Try to allocate a minimum amount of time each day to Islamic activities - for example, four hours for salah, Quran and Islamic studies will enable you to build up your relationship with Allah (swt) and make good progress towards acquiring knowledge. Remember that the five daily fard salah are your top priority and you should form the framework of your daily routine around these.
8.Dress modestly. This does not mean that you have to look ugly or not stylish. Just be modest. Wear longer shirts and do not wear clothes such as tank tops and shorts. Stay away from clothes that are too tight. Remember that it is obligatory to cover the whole body except the face and hands, which are recommended but not obligatory. This also helps you to change your whole outlook on what is acceptable and what is not.
9.Hang out with good friends; going with the theme you may want to make friends who share your mission of being a good Muslim. If you are lucky enough, you might spot a Muslim girl your age. Be sure to make friends with a Muslim girl if you find one. You can tell her how you are trying to be a better Muslim, and she might be able to help!
10.Avoid negative influences, including old friends (as hard as it may be, the reward is well worth it) who may have had a bad influence or who bring out the negative characteristics in you. Even though the Shaitan (the devil) can tempt us, it is our responsibility as Muslims to fight these temptations and urges by increasing our faith and spirituality.
11.Forgive yourself and ask Allah (swt) for forgiveness for any sins you may have committed. You need to let go of past mistakes and work on improving the future. Whatever has happened is done. It is in the past and there is nothing you can do to change it or better it. The only thing you can do is forgive yourself and sincerely repent to Allah (swt) and sincerely ask Him for forgiveness. Use those negative experiences as motivation to get better and do good.
12.Notice where your weaknesses are and avoid them. This is not to say that you should run every time a guy comes near, but learn to lower the gaze and remember that Allah (swt) is severe in punishment. They are not people that you need in your life anyway.
13.Take it day by day. If you make it a priority in your mind that you want to strive to be the best Muslim girl possible, you will achieve this goal without even realizing it! Every time you are about to do something, think: "Is this something good or religious?" If it isn't, don't do it! Simply remind yourself and be ready to stop yourself, just in case. Every single moment of every day must be devoted to pleasing Allah (swt).
HoW To BeCoMe A GoOd MuSlIm GiRl
In the Muslim religion, women are advised to follow rules that at times may appear to clash with western standards of fairness and equality. However, if one looks into the rules and thinks with an uncritical eye, one will come to notice that everything Muslim women are told to do ultimately benefits women.
In the Quran, it states " For Muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast, for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise, for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward. (33:35)"
In the Quran, it states: "Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand." (4:34) [1]
In the Quran, it states: "Your wives are a place of sowing of seed for you, so come to your place of cultivation however you wish and put forth [righteousness] for yourselves. And fear Allah and know that you will meet Him. And give good tidings to the believers." (2:223) [2]
"The world and all things in it are valuable; but the most valuable thing in the world is a virtuous woman." -Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him.)"
If you are a Muslim female who feels that she has been lacking in her religious duties, it is not too late to turn that around, regardless of your age or what you have done.
In the Quran, it states " For Muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast, for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise, for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward. (33:35)"
In the Quran, it states: "Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand." (4:34) [1]
In the Quran, it states: "Your wives are a place of sowing of seed for you, so come to your place of cultivation however you wish and put forth [righteousness] for yourselves. And fear Allah and know that you will meet Him. And give good tidings to the believers." (2:223) [2]
"The world and all things in it are valuable; but the most valuable thing in the world is a virtuous woman." -Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him.)"
If you are a Muslim female who feels that she has been lacking in her religious duties, it is not too late to turn that around, regardless of your age or what you have done.
Sunday, 30 September 2012
Mengapa Orang Melayu Menentang Malayan Union
Sebab-sebab Orang Melayu Menentang Malayan Union
Pelaksanaan Malayan Union telah menimbulkan penentangan orang Melayu terhadap sistem pemerintahan tersebut. Antara sebab penentangan ialah tindakan Sir Harold MacMichael yang mengugut raja-raja Melayu, contohnya Sultan Badlishah dari Kedah. Sultan turut tidak diberi masa yang secukupnya untuk berunding dengan Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri. Orang Melayu juga menentang
kerakyatan mudah kepada kaum imigran secara jus soli. Status peribumi orang Melayu juga terjejas. Orang Melayu mempunyai kedudukan yang sama taraf dengan kaum pendatang.
Sir Harold MacMichael Mengugut Sultan
Pada 1 April 1946, British telah mengisytiharkan pembentukan Malayan Union di Kuala Lumpur. Pengisytiharan tersebut telah mendapat bantahan daripada orang Melayu, terutamanya terhadap SirHarold MacMichael. Beliau tidak memberi masa yang secukupnya kepada raja-raja Melayu untuk berfikir dan berbincang mengenai Malayan Union. Contohnya, Sultan Perak tidak diberi masa yang
cukup untuk membincangkan Malayan Union dalam Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri.
Sir Harold MacMichael juga mengugut sultan untuk diturunkan takhta sekiranya baginda enggan menandatangani perjanjian Malayan Union. Ini berlaku terhadap Sultan Badlishah dari Kedah.
Kesan-kesan Pelaksanaan Malayan Union
Antara kesan daripada pelaksanaan Malayan Union ialah telah berlaku perubahan status Tanah Melayu daripada negeri naungan kepada negeri jajahan. Kuasa raja-raja Melayu juga hilang walaupun mereka masih berhak membincangkan soal agama Islam, tetapi zakat fitrah dipungut atas nama Gabenor Malayan Union.
Selain itu, kedudukan orang Melayu kini setara dengan orang dagang berdasarkan kerakyatan sama rata atau jus soli. Dasar terbuka British ini dilihat akan mengancam status quo orang Melayu sebagai penduduk peribumi. Jumlah orang Melayu juga menjadi kecil dengan kemasukan orang dagang. Selain itu, ekonomi dan pendidikan orang Melayu juga amat mundur dan jauh ketinggalan berbanding dengan orang dagang yang diberi perhatian oleh British. Orang Melayu juga bimbang akan kehilangan warisan tamadun yang telah dibina oleh kerajaan Melayu seperti pada zaman Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Oleh itu, orang Melayu bangun mempertahankan status quo mereka. Gabungan 29 buah pertubuhan Melayu bangun menentang Malayan Union menunjukkan wujud perpaduan kebangsaan untuk menentang Malayan Union.
Isu Jus Soli
Jus soli merupakan isu yang menjadi tuntutan orang dagang terhadap kerakyatan di Tanah Melayu. Isu ini telah dibantah oleh orang Melayu. Isu tersebut ialah pemberian hak kerakyatan yang sama rata kepada semua kaum di Tanah Melayu. Perjuangan ini dianggap boleh melemahkan lagi kedudukan orang Melayu. Selepas perbincangan dan rundingan, raja-raja Melayu bersetuju menerima kerakyatan
jus soli. Kerakyatan jus soli diterima dengan bersyarat, iaitu orang bukan Melayu mengiktiraf kedudukan istimewa orang Melayu dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang merdeka. Seterusnya suruhanjaya ini juga menyetujui agama Islam sebagai agama rasmi Persekutuan Tanah Melayu.
Pelaksanaan Malayan Union telah menimbulkan penentangan orang Melayu terhadap sistem pemerintahan tersebut. Antara sebab penentangan ialah tindakan Sir Harold MacMichael yang mengugut raja-raja Melayu, contohnya Sultan Badlishah dari Kedah. Sultan turut tidak diberi masa yang secukupnya untuk berunding dengan Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri. Orang Melayu juga menentang
kerakyatan mudah kepada kaum imigran secara jus soli. Status peribumi orang Melayu juga terjejas. Orang Melayu mempunyai kedudukan yang sama taraf dengan kaum pendatang.
Sir Harold MacMichael Mengugut Sultan
Pada 1 April 1946, British telah mengisytiharkan pembentukan Malayan Union di Kuala Lumpur. Pengisytiharan tersebut telah mendapat bantahan daripada orang Melayu, terutamanya terhadap SirHarold MacMichael. Beliau tidak memberi masa yang secukupnya kepada raja-raja Melayu untuk berfikir dan berbincang mengenai Malayan Union. Contohnya, Sultan Perak tidak diberi masa yang
cukup untuk membincangkan Malayan Union dalam Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri.
Sir Harold MacMichael juga mengugut sultan untuk diturunkan takhta sekiranya baginda enggan menandatangani perjanjian Malayan Union. Ini berlaku terhadap Sultan Badlishah dari Kedah.
Kesan-kesan Pelaksanaan Malayan Union
Antara kesan daripada pelaksanaan Malayan Union ialah telah berlaku perubahan status Tanah Melayu daripada negeri naungan kepada negeri jajahan. Kuasa raja-raja Melayu juga hilang walaupun mereka masih berhak membincangkan soal agama Islam, tetapi zakat fitrah dipungut atas nama Gabenor Malayan Union.
Selain itu, kedudukan orang Melayu kini setara dengan orang dagang berdasarkan kerakyatan sama rata atau jus soli. Dasar terbuka British ini dilihat akan mengancam status quo orang Melayu sebagai penduduk peribumi. Jumlah orang Melayu juga menjadi kecil dengan kemasukan orang dagang. Selain itu, ekonomi dan pendidikan orang Melayu juga amat mundur dan jauh ketinggalan berbanding dengan orang dagang yang diberi perhatian oleh British. Orang Melayu juga bimbang akan kehilangan warisan tamadun yang telah dibina oleh kerajaan Melayu seperti pada zaman Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Oleh itu, orang Melayu bangun mempertahankan status quo mereka. Gabungan 29 buah pertubuhan Melayu bangun menentang Malayan Union menunjukkan wujud perpaduan kebangsaan untuk menentang Malayan Union.
Isu Jus Soli
Jus soli merupakan isu yang menjadi tuntutan orang dagang terhadap kerakyatan di Tanah Melayu. Isu ini telah dibantah oleh orang Melayu. Isu tersebut ialah pemberian hak kerakyatan yang sama rata kepada semua kaum di Tanah Melayu. Perjuangan ini dianggap boleh melemahkan lagi kedudukan orang Melayu. Selepas perbincangan dan rundingan, raja-raja Melayu bersetuju menerima kerakyatan
jus soli. Kerakyatan jus soli diterima dengan bersyarat, iaitu orang bukan Melayu mengiktiraf kedudukan istimewa orang Melayu dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang merdeka. Seterusnya suruhanjaya ini juga menyetujui agama Islam sebagai agama rasmi Persekutuan Tanah Melayu.
daging dendeng...kesukaanku
RESEPI DAGING DENDENG
Salam kepada semua, aku rasa ramai yang kurang tahu cara nak memasak resepi ini. sebenarnya ini bukan 'Daging Dendeng' biasa. Dengan ikhlas dan rendah diri aku kongsikan cara membuatnya dengan penuh kasih sayang tanpa sedikit pun kurang...Kalau nak memasaknya/ BEGINI CARANYA
BAHAN-BAHAN : DAGING 2KG (ikutlah berapa banyak nak masak)
CILI KERING (Blender agak-agak rm 2)
BAWANG BESAR/BAWANG KECIL 1/2kg
HALIA - seulas yang besar
BAWANG PUTIH- 20 biji yang telah dikopek
KICAP MANIS- 1/2 botol kecil
ASAM JAWA- mankuk kecil
GARAM/GULA/PERASA (campak pelan-pelan jangan terlebih jangan terkurang)
NOte: resepi ni amat leceh sekali dimasak, renyah sungguh pekerjaannya. Kesabaran amat penting sekali
LANGKAH (1) : Rebus daging tadi sehingga hempuk, kemudian potong NIPIS NIPIS, kemudian tumbuk dengan lesung batu (seround dua..tak puas ati tumbuk lagi)
PANASkan minyak goreng seketika daging yang dipotong (peringatan goreng sekejap je)
LANGKAH (2) : Bawang, halia, bawang putih dipotong halus-halus. PANASKAN minyak kemudian goreng sehingga kekuningan (goreng berasingan)
Angkat dan letak di atu tempat.
LANGKAH (3) : AKHIR Sekali panaskan minyak (minyak goreng bawang tadi masih elok kan) MASUKKAN CILI yg telah diblender, masak sehingga pecah minyak (sabar yer)..
Kemudian masukkan garam, gula, Kicap lemak manis. (rasa dulu mantap tak) masukkan air asam jawa tadi..
AMBIK daging tadi gaulkan bersama-sama. KEMUDIAN barulah masukkan Bawang,halia,bawang putih yg digoreng. Kacau seketika biarkan api perlahan.
NAH...resepi dah siap Boleh dihidangkan.....terima kasih...
Salam kepada semua, aku rasa ramai yang kurang tahu cara nak memasak resepi ini. sebenarnya ini bukan 'Daging Dendeng' biasa. Dengan ikhlas dan rendah diri aku kongsikan cara membuatnya dengan penuh kasih sayang tanpa sedikit pun kurang...Kalau nak memasaknya/ BEGINI CARANYA
BAHAN-BAHAN : DAGING 2KG (ikutlah berapa banyak nak masak)
CILI KERING (Blender agak-agak rm 2)
BAWANG BESAR/BAWANG KECIL 1/2kg
HALIA - seulas yang besar
BAWANG PUTIH- 20 biji yang telah dikopek
KICAP MANIS- 1/2 botol kecil
ASAM JAWA- mankuk kecil
GARAM/GULA/PERASA (campak pelan-pelan jangan terlebih jangan terkurang)
NOte: resepi ni amat leceh sekali dimasak, renyah sungguh pekerjaannya. Kesabaran amat penting sekali
LANGKAH (1) : Rebus daging tadi sehingga hempuk, kemudian potong NIPIS NIPIS, kemudian tumbuk dengan lesung batu (seround dua..tak puas ati tumbuk lagi)
PANASkan minyak goreng seketika daging yang dipotong (peringatan goreng sekejap je)
LANGKAH (2) : Bawang, halia, bawang putih dipotong halus-halus. PANASKAN minyak kemudian goreng sehingga kekuningan (goreng berasingan)
Angkat dan letak di atu tempat.
LANGKAH (3) : AKHIR Sekali panaskan minyak (minyak goreng bawang tadi masih elok kan) MASUKKAN CILI yg telah diblender, masak sehingga pecah minyak (sabar yer)..
Kemudian masukkan garam, gula, Kicap lemak manis. (rasa dulu mantap tak) masukkan air asam jawa tadi..
AMBIK daging tadi gaulkan bersama-sama. KEMUDIAN barulah masukkan Bawang,halia,bawang putih yg digoreng. Kacau seketika biarkan api perlahan.
NAH...resepi dah siap Boleh dihidangkan.....terima kasih...
Tuesday, 25 September 2012
Johan Pertandingan Pakaian Tradisional Peringkat Daerah Sepang
Wakil SK KLIA...Shaun Saega, Syafiqah, Amira dan Nisa pada 21hb Sept 2012...
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